Architectural and Engineering Glossary

I

Indirect Luminaire

A luminaire which emits 90% to100% of its total output above a horizontal plane through it.

Indirect Solar Water Heating System

A solar water heating system employing a closed circulation loop through a heat exchanger;the fluid which flows through the solar collector is isolated from contact with other fluids in the system.

Indirect System System

A heating,air-conditioning, or refrigeration system in which a fluid is circulated to the space or material to be heated or cooled, or is used to heat or cool air which is so circulated;the fluid (such as air, water, or brine) is heated or cooled by products of combustion,by electric heating,or by a refrigerant.

Indirect Waste Pipe

A waste pipe which does not connect directly with the building drainage system,but discharges into it through a properly trapped fixture or receptacle.
 

Indirect Water Heater

A water heater in which the temperature of the water in the system is increased by means of a remotely located heat exchanger.

Individual Sewage-disposal System

A system of sewage treatment tanks and disposal facilities,designed for a single building,establishment,or lot,not served by a public sewer.

Individual Vent

Of a plumbing fixture,a pipe which vents a fixture drain and which is connected to the main vent above it.

Individual Water Supply

A supply other than an approved public water supply which serves one or more families.

Indoor Air Quality

The quality of air inside a building;deemed to be acceptable by ASHRAE if it contains no contaminants at harmful concentrations,and if at least 80% or more of the people in the building who breathe this air do not express dissatisfaction with it.

Induced Draft

The forced movement of air or gases caused by the suction created by the inlet side of a fan.

Induced Siphonage

Siphonage of water from a fixture trap (i.e.,the drawing away of water that forms a trap seal);usually due to an improperly installed vent pipe.As a result,when another fixture on the same vent pipe discharges,siphonage may be induced.

Induced-draft Boiler

A boiler system having a power operated fan at its discharge end;the fan draws air through the burner and boiler,conveying the products of combustion to the atmosphere through a short chimney.

Induced-draft Water-cooling Tower

A water cooling tower having one or more fans located in the saturated air stream leaving the tower.

Induction

1.In air conditioning,the entrainment of air in a room by the flow of a stream of primary air from an air outlet.2.The process by which current in one conductor induces an electric current in a nearby conductor.

Induction Brazing

A brazing process in which the required heat is obtained from the resistance of the work to an induced electric current.

Induction Heating

In piping,the heat treatment of completed welds by the heat generated by the use of induction coils around the piping.

Induction Motor

An alternating current motor having its primary winding,on one member (which is usually the stator),connected to the source of electric power;a secondary winding on the other member (usually the rotor) carries the induced current.

Induction Soldering

A soldering process in which the required heat is obtained from the resistance of the work to an induced electric current.

Induction Welding

A welding process in which coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the work to an induced electric current,with or without the application of pressure.

Industrial Area

Any area devoted predominantly to manufacturing.

Industrial Design

The art of utilizing the resources of technology to create and improve products and systems which serve human beings,taking into account factors such as safety,economy,and efficiency in production,distribution,and use.such design may be expressed partly in external features,but predominantly in integrative structural relationships,responding to the perennial human need for meaningful form.

Industrial Lift

A nonportable,power operated hoisting and lowering mechanism for raising or lowering material vertically,operating entirely within one story of a building.
 

Industrial Occupancy

1.Use of a building for the manufacture of products of any kind.2.Use of a building for processing,assembling,mixing,packaging,finishing or decorating,repairing,and similar operations.Also see general industrial occupancy,high hazard industrial occupancy,special purpose industrial occupancy.

Industrial Park

A planned industrial or technologically based district of a city;usually intended for light manufacturing,industrial usage,research,or for warehousing;often located in open land near the city or in a renovated urban area.

Industrial Tubular Door

A door constructed from tubular steel with locked seams;the corners are welded and all joints are ground smooth;the door panels consist of one or two sheets securely fastened to stiles and rails.

Industrial Waste

A waterborne waste resulting from an industrial process;differs in composition from domestic sewage wastes.

Industrialized Building System

A building system of mechanized production design in which the subsystems and components have been integrated into an overall process,utilizing factors of planning,design,programming,production, transportation,and on site assembly techniques.Also see systems building

Industry Standard Specification

In the construction industry,a specification based on codes,technical reports and disclosures,or on test procedures and results that have been shown to be of proven use and general acceptance.

Inelastic Behavior

Deformation of a material that does not disappear on removal of the force that produced it.

Inert Base

A paint base which does not provide hiding,color,or drying properties.Its main function is to provide solids,usually at low cost.

Inert Filler

In paints,same as inert base.

Inert Pigment

1.A nonreactive pigment.2.An extender pigment,used to provide solids and bulk.

Inertia Block

A concrete block which serves as a base for mechanical equipment such as fans or pumps;the block is mounted on a resilient support to reduce the transmission of vibration to the building structure.

Infant School

A form of primary school which gives instruction to 4- to 7-year-old children in preparation for grammar school.

Infilling

Material used to fill the spaces,within a frame,between structural members of a building;provides additional thermal insulation,fire resistance,and stiffness.Also see fill insulation.

Infiltration

1.The seepage or flow of air into a room or space through cracks around windows,under doors,etc.2.In a concrete sewer pipe laid in soil,the volume of groundwater that enters the pipeline system.

Infiltration Basin

An open surface storage area for water having no outlet other than an emergency spillway.

Infirmary

A place which provides uncomplicated medical and nursing care,usually for residents or members of an institution,such as a school.

Inflammable

Same as flammable.

Inflatable Gasket

A gasket whose effectiveness depends on a seal provided by inflation with compressed air.

Inflatable Structure

See pneumatic structure. 

Inflected Arch

Same as inverted arch. 

Inflection Point

Same as point of inflection. 

Inflow

The volume of any type of water entering a sewer pipe from outside sources not included under infiltration.
 

INFO

On drawings,abbr.for “information.”

Information Outlet

In a telephone wiring system in a building, a connection device designed for a fixed location (usually on a wall) in which telephone wiring terminates;the outlet contains a female jack to receive a male plug that is inserted into it.Such outlets are used to connect a telephone,FAX,telephone answering machine,etc.,to a telephone line.

Infrared

That region of the electromagnetic spectrum at wavelengths immediately above the visible spectrum;the heat in this region of the spectrum which is generated by a light source usually is undesirable (since it represents a loss in efficiency),but such heat is used in industrial applications for drying,baking a surface, etc.

Infrared Drying

Drying by use of infrared lamps to decrease drying time.

Infrared Emittance

See emittance.

Infrared Lamp

An incandescent lamp having a higher percentage of the radiant power in the infrared region than a standard incandescent lamp;has longer average life owing to the lower filament temperature;may have a red glass bulb to reduce the radiated visible light.