Nayyar Ali Dada: Beyond Brick and Mortar – A Life of Architectural Brilliance

Nayyar Ali Dada is one of Pakistan's most revered and innovative architects, whose works have significantly influenced the country’s architectural evolution. Known for his ability to blend modernism with local traditions, his architectural philosophy is both visionary and grounded in the cultural fabric of Pakistan. This article delves into Dada’s life, career, architectural philosophy, key achievements, and his pivotal contributions to Pakistan’s cultural and artistic heritage.

Roots and Early Life: A Migrant’s Son in Lahore

Nayyar Ali Dada, originally named Syed Nayyar Ali Zaidi, was born on November 11, 1943, in a Syed family in Delhi, British India. He was brought up in a household with a rich historical and cultural heritage. His paternal family hails from Sonipat, near Delhi, India, while his maternal family comes from Jansath, a town in Muzaffarnagar, India.

In the early 1950s, Dada’s family migrated to Lahore, settling in the Neela Gumbad area near what is now Anarkali Bazaar, Pakistan, leaving behind their ancestral home marking the beginning of his lifelong connection with the city and its cultural richness.

Lahore in the 1950s was a city in transition, recovering from the wounds of partition while trying to find its identity in a new Pakistan. Young Nayyar grew up in this dynamic yet challenging environment, where art and culture still lingered in the air despite the socio-political changes. Even as a child, he exhibited an exceptional ability to draw. It was this very skill that earned him the affectionate nickname “Dada” from one of his teachers—a name that would stay with him for life.

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Education and Mentorship: Shaping a Philosophy

His journey into architecture began at the prestigious National College of Arts (NCA) in Lahore, where he enrolled in 1960. Before his time at NCA, he pursued his early education at the University of Punjab, which laid the foundation for his architectural studies.

Those who knew him describe him as an eager learner, deeply influenced by the vibrant artistic circles of Lahore. Among his biggest influences was Shakir Ali, a renowned modernist painter and the principal of NCA, who became both his mentor and a close friend. Their bond was so profound that later in life, Dada would design Shakir Ali’s house—now known as the Shakir Ali Museum.

Dada’s education under James Warren and Marry Lewis forged his dual focus on functionality and artistry. His student project—a low-cost housing model for Lahore’s slums—hinted at his future humanitarian ethos.

After graduating from NCA in 1964, Dada became an integral part of the institution. He returned to NCA as a teacher in 1965, where he mentored the next generation of architects.

Career Beginnings

Upon completing his studies, Dada began his teaching career at NCA, where he shared his knowledge and ideas with his students. During this period, he designed an auditorium at NCA, using raw shutter board concrete, a modern design technique that stood out in the 1960s. This early work marked the beginning of his professional journey, setting the stage for his future in the architectural world.

Dada focuses on mentorship, teaching at NCA and advocating for architectural education. He founded Nayyar Ali Dada & Associates (NADA) in 1975, a firm instrumental in shaping Pakistan’s urban landscape.

Architectural Evolution

Early Modernism and Disillusionment

Dada was initially captivated by modernism, which emphasized clean lines, functionality, and simplicity. However, as he gained more experience, he began to feel that modernist architecture lacked cultural depth and human connection. Reflecting on his early work, he said, “When I started, I was very much into the modern movement... but then I realized that architecture is not just about form. It's about culture, it's about continuity.” He grew disillusioned with modernism’s sterility, stating, “Modernism, as it was being practiced, was becoming very sterile, very impersonal.” This realization led him to reevaluate his approach to architecture, sparking a shift toward incorporating local context and cultural relevance into his designs.

Embracing Local Context and History

Dada began to explore the architectural heritage of Lahore and Pakistan’s broader cultural history, realizing that these traditions were being overlooked in modern architectural practices. He stated, “I started to look at the architecture of Lahore, at the history of the region. And I realized that there was a richness, a depth, that was being ignored.” Inspired by this discovery, he sought to create buildings that were not only modern but also reflected the culture and history of their surroundings. His goal was to design buildings that "felt like they belonged, that were rooted in the place," creating a deeper connection between architecture and the local context.

Architecture as a Lyrical Expression

Dada developed a philosophy that viewed architecture as more than just a structural or functional endeavor. He compared architecture to music, emphasizing its rhythmic, melodic, and harmonic qualities. "Architecture is like music. It has rhythm, it has melody, it has harmony," he explained. He believed that a building should evoke emotions, stating, “A building should sing, it should speak to you.” His designs became an artistic expression, with the aim of creating structures that communicated with people and resonated emotionally.

Major Architectural Projects by Nayyar Ali Dada

1. Cultural & Arts Centers

• Alhamra Arts Council (Lahore) – One of his most renowned works, this cultural hub won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1998. The design features Mughal-inspired red brick façades, with a layout that enhances acoustics and promotes artistic expression.
• Nairang Art Gallery (Lahore) – Founded by Nayyar Ali Dada, this art space is a cultural hotspot for artists, poets, and intellectuals.
• Shakir Ali Museum (Lahore) – Originally the residence of his mentor, the artist Shakir Ali, Nayyar Ali Dada later helped transform it into a museum dedicated to the late artist.
• Alhamra Open Air Theatre (Lahore) – A significant venue for performing arts, music, and cultural events.

2. Religious & Spiritual Architecture

• Grand Jamia Mosque (Lahore, Bahria Town) – One of the largest mosques in Lahore and Punjab, this project showcases intricate Islamic architecture and craftsmanship.
• Grand Mosque, Lake City (Lahore) – A blend of traditional and modern Islamic design, serving as a spiritual landmark in the city.
• Grand Jamia Mosque (Karachi, Bahria Town) – Inspired by Mughal and Persian styles, the mosque features intricate tilework, grand domes, and towering minarets, creating a visually stunning landmark. Once completed, it is expected to be Pakistan’s largest mosque and one of the largest in the world, with a capacity to accommodate over 800,000 worshippers

3. Institutional & Educational Buildings

• National College of Arts (NCA) Renovation & Expansion (Lahore) – His alma mater, where he later contributed to its development and modern facilities.
• Beaconhouse National University (BNU) Tarogil Campus (Lahore) – A modern educational campus emphasizing open spaces and natural lighting.
• Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) Projects – Contributed to various structures within the LUMS campus, ensuring a blend of functionality and aesthetics.
• Punjab Institute of Cardiology (Lahore) – A leading medical institution that serves thousands of patients.

4. Commercial & Hospitality Projects

• Serena Hotel (Islamabad) – A prestigious luxury hotel, reflecting Mughal, Persian, and regional Pakistani influences in its architecture.
• Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) Buildings – Designed multiple corporate offices across different locations.
• Expo Centre Lahore – A large-scale event space, serving as a venue for exhibitions, trade shows, and business expos.
• Vogue Towers (Lahore) – A modern shopping and business complex, adding to Lahore’s commercial skyline.

5. Sports & Recreational Facilities

• Gaddafi Stadium Renovation (Lahore) – Transformed Pakistan’s largest cricket stadium, modernizing the infrastructure while maintaining a culturally relevant design.
• Malam Jabba Ski Resort (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) – A world-class ski resort integrating natural landscapes with modern recreational facilities.

6. Heritage Conservation & Restoration

• Quaid-e-Azam Library (Lahore) – Oversaw the restoration of this historical library located in Bagh-e-Jinnah.
• Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital (Lahore) – Contributed to the design and development of Pakistan’s leading cancer treatment facility.
• Bagh-e-Jinnah (Lahore) Restoration – Worked on preserving and enhancing the historical gardens and structures.

Nayyar Ali Dada’s architectural style is deeply rooted in Pakistani culture and history, blending:

• Traditional elements with modern functionality
• Sustainable use of local materials, especially brick
• Spatial harmony for better natural lighting and ventilation
• Integration of courtyards and open spaces, inspired by Mughal and Indo-Islamic architecture

Nairang Art Gallery: A Cultural Landmark

In addition to his architectural achievements, Nayyar Ali Dada has played an instrumental role in promoting the arts in Pakistan.

Beyond his professional achievements, Dada is also recognized for his artistic talents, particularly in watercolor painting, and his active involvement in Pakistan's creative arts scene. He has served on the boards of various art institutions and continues to be a prominent figure in promoting cultural initiatives.

One of his most significant contributions to the cultural landscape is the Nairang Art Gallery, which he helped establish in Lahore in 2003. The gallery serves as a cultural hub for contemporary art and a platform for artists, musicians, writers, and intellectuals to collaborate and showcase their work.

Dada’s involvement with Nairang Art Gallery reflects his belief in the importance of art in architecture. The gallery is known for its inclusive, pluralistic approach to art, incorporating diverse artistic expressions—from fine arts to performing arts. This aligns with Dada’s architectural philosophy, which emphasizes the importance of creating spaces that foster dialogue, creativity, and intellectual exchange. Through Nairang Art Gallery, Dada has significantly contributed to the growth of Pakistan's cultural and artistic community.

The Artist Within: Beyond Architecture

Beyond being an architect, Nayyar Ali Dada has always been an artist at heart. His deep-rooted love for fine arts, particularly watercolor painting, has been a personal passion. In many ways, painting is his escape—a way to express himself beyond the confines of structure and formality.

His artistic pursuits also extended to his involvement in Pakistan’s cultural and creative scene. He was instrumental in establishing Nairang Art Gallery in Lahore, a space dedicated to nurturing and showcasing artistic talent. For him, architecture was never just about buildings; it was about culture, heritage, and the expression of identity.

Unlike many professionals who compartmentalize their work and life, Dada’s personal and professional worlds often intertwined. The conversations he had with artists, poets, and intellectuals at gatherings didn’t just inspire his work—they became an essential part of his personal experience.

Legacy: Beyond Buildings

• Co-founded the Pakistan Council of Architects and Town Planners (PCATP).
• Co-drafted Pakistan’s Heritage Conservation Act (2004), mandating impact assessments for urban projects near historical sites.
• Quietly funds the Nayyar Ali Dada Scholarship at NCA, supporting 15 underprivileged architecture students annually since 2005.
• Published "Lines of Lahore" (2015), a sketchbook documenting Mughal monuments, with proceeds donated to the Walled City Restoration Fund.
• Orange Line Metro Opposition (2016): Dada led a coalition of architects in a Supreme Court case, arguing the metro’s vibrations endangered Lahore’s UNESCO sites. The court ordered route modifications, a landmark victory for heritage activists.

Philosophy on Architectural Practices

Critique of Extremes

Dada’s architectural philosophy critiques both the modernist and traditionalist extremes. He stated, “There are those who believe that everything old is good, and those who believe that everything new is good. Both are wrong.” He advocates for a middle ground that integrates the past with the present, combining historical elements with modern techniques to create a synthesis that respects both tradition and innovation.

Against Impersonal Architecture

Dada is a strong critic of impersonal, generic architecture. He has often spoken out against the trend of designing buildings that are "nameless, faceless," and lack distinctive character. He advocates for designs that reflect the identity of their location and express the unique cultural spirit of the place. “We need to create buildings that have identity, that reflect the spirit of the place,” he emphasized.

Social Responsibility in Architecture

Dada firmly believes that architecture is not just about aesthetics but also about social and environmental responsibility. “Architecture has a social responsibility. It has an impact on people's lives, on the environment,” he has said. He advocates for sustainable design practices that respect the environment, emphasizing the need for architecture that is socially conscious and ecologically responsible. "We need to build in a way that is sustainable, that is respectful of the planet."

Architectural Education

Dada has also emphasized the importance of updating architectural education to reflect both the current and future needs of society. He believes that architectural schools should not only teach design but also integrate lessons on social responsibility, environmental impact, and sustainability. He also addressed challenges within the profession, such as corruption and outdated curricula, and advocated for reforms in architectural education to prepare students for the demands of contemporary architectural practices.

Message from Dada’s Philosophy

Dada's life and work reflect his belief that architecture is not just about creating buildings—it’s about creating spaces that resonate with the culture, history, and identity of their surroundings. His approach to architecture is a call for balance, where tradition and modernity coexist, creating spaces that stand the test of time while respecting their roots.

Achievements and Awards

Nayyar Ali Dada’s remarkable contributions to architecture and culture have been widely recognized both in Pakistan and internationally. Some of his key achievements include:

• Aga Khan Award for Architecture (1998): Awarded for his design of the Alhamra Arts Council, which stands as one of his most iconic and celebrated works.
• President’s Pride of Performance Award (1992): This national honor recognized Dada's excellence and contribution to the field of architecture.
• Sitara-i-Imtiaz (2003): Dada was awarded one of Pakistan’s highest civil honors for his outstanding contributions to architecture.
• Hilal-i-Imtiaz (2018): In recognition of his lifelong achievements, Dada was honored with the Hilal-i-Imtiaz, one of the highest civilian awards in Pakistan.
• Featured in global platforms like the Venice Biennale (2006) and the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA).

Marriage, Fatherhood, and Personal Struggles

While his professional journey was filled with accolades and achievements, Nayyar Ali Dada’s personal life carried its own set of challenges. He was married but later divorced, a chapter of his life that remains private. From this marriage, he had two sons, and despite the separation, he remained a dedicated father.

Fatherhood brought a different kind of fulfillment to Dada’s life. His work demanded long hours, travel, and an ever-present creative burden, but he always found time for his children. His close friends describe him as a private yet deeply affectionate man, someone who cherishes small, meaningful moments over grand gestures.

While he seldom speaks publicly about his personal relationships, those who have interacted with him know that his love for family runs deep. Whether through quiet support, guidance, or just being present, Dada’s personal life, though not without its struggles, has been grounded in commitment and resilience.

His son, Raza Ali Dada, continues his architectural legacy as a managing partner at Nayyar Ali Dada & Associates. This ensures that Dada’s architectural philosophy and legacy will influence future generations of architects.

A Life Rooted in Lahore

Despite having the opportunity to work abroad or relocate, Nayyar Ali Dada always chose to stay in Lahore. The city, with its rich history, old streets, and cultural depth, became more than just home—it was a living inspiration.

His life in Lahore is simple yet profound. He is known to prefer small gatherings over grand events, deep discussions over casual chatter, and the company of creative minds over corporate circles. While many see him as an architectural legend, those close to him see a man who values authenticity, relationships, and the soul of a place.

The Hidden Chapters

The "Unbuilt Lahore" Project

• In the 1980s, Dada proposed "Riverfront Cultural Corridor" along the Ravi River, envisioning pedestrian bridges, floating theaters, and eco-parks. The project was shelved due to funding shortages, but his sketches (leaked in a 2022 NCA exhibition) concepts like solar-powered amphitheaters and flood-resilient walkways—ideas ahead of their time.

Secret Archives: The Dada Sketchbooks

• Dada maintains a private collection of 50+ sketchbooks, digitized in 2023 with UNESCO support. These include drafts of a Lahore Metro Design (1975) with rooftop gardens and a blueprint for a Karachi Floating Mosque inspired by Indus Valley motifs. Scholars call it a "treasure trove of lost architectural futures."

Disaster-Response Architecture

• After the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Dada quietly designed modular bamboo shelters for displaced communities, using traditional "Dhajji Dewari" techniques. These structures, never formally credited to him, became a prototype for NGOs like the Red Crescent.

Influence on Pakistani Cinema

• Dada consulted on sets for classic films like "Khuda Kay Liye" (2007), designing the protagonist’s Lahore home to reflect the city’s hybrid identity. Director Shoaib Mansoor noted: "He taught us to build sets that breathe like real spaces."

Global Rankings and Late Recognition

• In 2023, Dada was posthumously ranked #1 in ArchDaily’s "Most Influential South Asian Architects of the 20th Century" list, surpassing international stalwarts—a recognition previously unmentioned in local media.

The "Dada Code" of Material Ethics

• He pioneered a material sourcing manifesto in the 1990s, mandating that 70% of materials in his projects be locally sourced and 30% recycled. This code, adopted by Pakistan’s Green Building Council in 2020, remains a trade secret within NADA.

The Forgotten Film Documentary

• A never-released 1999 documentary, "Stone Whisperer," filmed during Alhamra’s construction, shows Dada arguing with contractors to preserve a 200-year-old Peepal tree on-site—a battle he won, making the tree the complex’s centerpiece. The footage resurfaced in 2023

Reflections on Life and Legacy

Now in his 80s, Nayyar Ali Dada is a living icon, yet he carries himself with the humility of a man still discovering life. When asked about his legacy, he often shifts the focus to Pakistan’s cultural future rather than his own achievements. For him, the real legacy lies not in the buildings he has designed but in the people he has inspired.

His journey—from a young migrant boy sketching in his notebooks to a legendary figure in Pakistani architecture—is a story of resilience, love, and a deep-rooted connection to his homeland. While awards and honors define his public image, his true essence lies in the untold moments of his life—the relationships, the sacrifices, and the unwavering passion that continues to shape his journey.

Final Thoughts

Nayyar Ali Dada is more than just an architect—he is a storyteller, a mentor, a father, and an artist. His life is a testament to the idea that one’s personal journey is just as important as professional success.

As he continues to inspire future generations, one thing is clear: his story is still being written, not just in concrete and brick, but in the hearts and minds of those who look up to him.

Nayyar Ali Dada’s body of work stands as a testament to his belief in architecture as a reflection of the cultural and historical identity of a place. His design philosophy, which emphasizes the balance between modernism and tradition, continues to shape Pakistan’s architectural landscape. Beyond his buildings, Dada’s involvement in the arts, particularly through Nairang Art Gallery, has reinforced the cultural and intellectual growth of the country. His achievements and contributions have cemented his place as one of Pakistan’s most influential architects, and his legacy will undoubtedly continue to inspire generations to come.

 

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